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如何建設高效的太陽能光伏氣象站

2022年5月18日

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? 天气条件对光伏输出有着很大的影响，即使是间歇性的云层覆盖也会对入射的太阳能产生巨大影响，而其他因素，如气温、风向和风速、降水量、湿度和气压都会影响太阳能电池的

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 效率。爲了了解光伏電站性能的變化，准確監測天氣狀況顯得尤爲重要。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 为什么要监测天气参数

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 虽然天气条件的变化可能只是国内普通光伏用户的暂时担忧，但它们对商业和工业光伏系统至关重要。对于大型装置，即使性能的相对波动很小，也会对整体生产率产生巨大影响，

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 因此，密切監控任何輸出變化源，能夠確保整個系統以良好的方式運行。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 在这些情况下，进行气象监测，可以更为快捷地确定输出的变化是由天气条件引起的，还是由于严重的硬件退化或故障引起的。

?? ? ? ? ? ? ?因此，天气监测是了解光伏系统健康状况和定时安排维护的重要组成部分。对历史数据的分析——比如降水量和風力條件——可以揭示季節性趨勢，進而用于優化季節性清潔和維護

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 计划。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 哪些天气参数对太阳能光伏非常重要

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 01) 太阳辐照度

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 爲了确定太阳能电站的效率，太阳辐照度的测量至关重要。这通常用性能比（PR）表示：设备的实际产量（在给定时间段内产生的能量）表示为其理论产量的百分比（假设面板以其

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 标称效率將入射光轉換爲能量，在該時間段內産生的能量）。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 性能比=实际产量/理论产量 x 100%

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 电厂的理论产量只能通过测量太阳辐射的不同成分来计算。这意味着这些测量对于计算性能比至关重要。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 性能比是光伏资产所有者关注的一个重要指标，但它并不是唯一的关注参数。监测直接影响太阳能电池的其他天气参数对于全面了解电厂性能至关重要。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 02) 环境空气和模块温度

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 光伏效率强烈依赖于温度。光伏组件的峰值功率温度系数大概在-0.35～0.50%/℃之间，即温度升高，光伏组件的发电量降低，理论上，温度每升高一度，光伏电站的发电量会降低

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0.50%左右。通過測量環境空氣溫度和組件本身的溫度，可以計算溫度修正後的性能比，爲光伏電站運營商提供更准確的電站性能數據。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 03)?風速和風向

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 风也会对光伏组件的温度产生影响。由于光伏表面温度比环境空气温度高，风会使其冷却，从而在较温暖的环境中提高效率和产量。风对灰尘也会产生重要影响，? 因此风况在?灰塵

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 监测中可以發揮重要作用。

?? ? ? ? ? ? ?由于高风速会损坏光伏装置，因此监测風速和風向对于确定设备的安全位置通常很重要，并可能影响保险费用支付。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 04)?降水

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 不同种类的降水会对光伏发电厂产生一系列的影响，无论是好的还是坏的。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 虽然大雨可以通过冲洗来显著减少污垢，但小雨实际上可以增加面板的污垢。同时，冰雹会对面板和设备造成严重损坏。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 05) 温湿度、氣壓和露點

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 温湿度、氣壓和露點会影响面板上降雪、结霜和冷凝的发生，这会降低能量输出，并对灰尘污染产生影响。特别是空气湿度也会引起光谱变化，影响光伏组件的转换效率。

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"'TOP-SIDE GALAH! I gave a sort of assent--attended with nausea--and turned to my saddle, but he clung. "Why, how can he hang around that way, Smith, and he a suitor who's just killed her husband? Of course, now, he'd ought to know he can't ever be one henceforth. I'm sorry for him, but--" It occurred to the Doctor that here was an opportunity to investigate certain matters. Of course, there was always the chance of coming on the track obliquely. None knew better than Prout how frequently one crime interlocked with another, and how often in looking for one particular criminal another had been arrested. "That I leave you to guess," Bruce replied. "It is beyond me." "It--it proves nothing," she said with an effort, presently. "A pleasant face. Don't you think that she is a little like me?" And there was no avenue of escape whatever. She was alone with this man in a dark, deserted house. She had come there for a few needed trifles that she had left behind. Nobody had seen either of them enter. Why, it was a very premium upon murder and the lust for revenge! "4. Armand Fléchet, senator. As might be expected, the Parmenidean paradoxes provoked a considerable amount of contradiction and ridicule. The Reids and Beatties of that time drew sundry absurd consequences from the new doctrine, and offered them as a sufficient refutation of its truth. Zeno, a young friend and20 favourite of Parmenides, took up arms in his master’s defence, and sought to prove with brilliant dialectical ability that consequences still more absurd might be deduced from the opposite belief. He originated a series of famous puzzles respecting the infinite divisibility of matter and the possibility of motion, subsequently employed as a disproof of all certainty by the Sophists and Sceptics, and occasionally made to serve as arguments on behalf of agnosticism by writers of our own time. Stated generally, they may be reduced to two. A whole composed of parts and divisible ad infinitum must be either infinitely great or infinitely little; infinitely great if its parts have magnitude, infinitely little if they have not. A moving body can never come to the end of a given line, for it must first traverse half the line, then half the remainder, and so on for ever. Aristotle thought that the difficulty about motion could be solved by taking the infinite divisibility of time into account; and Coleridge, according to his custom, repeated the explanation without acknowledgment. But Zeno would have refused to admit that any infinite series could come to an end, whether it was composed of successive or of co-existent parts. So long as the abstractions of our understanding are treated as separate entities, these and similar puzzles will continue to exercise the ingenuity of metaphysicians. Our present business, however, is not to solve Zeno’s difficulties, but to show how they illustrate a leading characteristic of Greek thought, its tendency to perpetual analysis, a tendency not limited to the philosophy of the Greeks, but pervading the whole of their literature and even of their art. Homer carefully distinguishes the successive steps of every action, and leads up to every catastrophe by a series of finely graduated transitions. Like Zeno, again, he pursues a system of dichotomy, passing rapidly over the first half of his subject, and relaxes the speed of his narrative by going into ever-closer detail until the consummation is reached. Such a poem as the ‘Achilleis’ of modern critics21 would have been perfectly intolerable to a Greek, from the too rapid and uniform march of its action. Herodotus proceeds after a precisely similar fashion, advancing from a broad and free treatment of history to elaborate minuteness of detail. So, too, a Greek temple divides itself into parts so distinct, yet so closely connected, that the eye, after separating, as easily recombines them into a whole. The evolution of Greek music tells the same tale of progressive subdivision, which is also illustrated by the passage from long speeches to single lines, and from these again to half lines in the dialogue of a Greek drama. No other people could have created mathematical demonstration, for no other would have had skill and patience enough to discover the successive identities interposed between and connecting the sides of an equation. The dialectic of Socrates and Plato, the somewhat wearisome distinctions of Aristotle, and, last of all, the fine-spun series of triads inserted by Proclus between the superessential One and the fleeting world of sense,—were all products of the same fundamental tendency, alternately most fruitful and most barren in its results. It may be objected that Zeno, so far from obeying this tendency, followed a diametrically opposite principle, that of absolutely unbroken continuity. True; but the ‘Eleatic Palamedes’ fought his adversaries with a weapon wrested out of their own hands; rejecting analysis as a law of real existence, he continued to employ it as a logical artifice with greater subtlety than had ever yet been displayed in pure speculation.18 VI. VII. “Where’s the sack of sand?” "Si Klegg, go off and mind your own business, and let me attend to mine," yelled Shorty, struggling to free himself from his partner's iron grasp. "Am I goin' to be run over by every pin-feather snipe from West Point? I'll break him in two." Norma shook her head at the reflection. "I'm sorry." "Burn him down!—Burn him down!—the hemmed murderer!" He was just going to turn back into the room, his limbs aching pleasantly for the sheets, when he noticed a faint glow in the sky to southward. At first he thought it was a shred of sunset still burning, then realised it was too far south for June—also it seemed to flicker in the wind. Then suddenly it spread itself into a fan, and cast up a shower of sparks. There was a wicket in the northern gate, the common outlet for the domestics, which, as Holgrave had anticipated, the servitor had not closed after him. He entered, and stood within the court-yard; he heard the sound of voices, and the tread of feet, but no human being was near: he paused an instant to consider, and then, with the swiftness of a deer, he sprung towards the stables, and entered the one appropriated to the select stud of the baron. A lamp was burning, but the men who attended on the horses were now away, quaffing ale to the long life of the heir. The baroness's favourite palfrey was lying in a stall; he stept across the animal, and, after pressing his hands on various parts of the wall, a concealed door flew open, and a dark aperture was before him. He stooped and passed through, and ascended a long, winding flight of steps, till a door impeded his progress; he opened it, and stood in a closet hung round with dresses and mantles, and displaying all the graceful trifles of a lady's wardrobe. There was a door opposite the one at which he had entered, which led into the baroness's chamber, where there were lighted candles, and a blazing fire on the hearth. The floor was thickly strewn with rushes, and he could just perceive the high back of a chair, with the arms of the family wrought in the centre; he paused and listened; he heard the faint cry of a babe, and discovered, by the language of the nurse, that she was feeding it; then there was the hush-a-by, and the rocking motion of the attendant. In a few minutes, the sound of a foot on the rushes, and "the lovely babe would sleep," now announced to Holgrave that the child was deposited with its mother: then he heard the curtains of the bed drawn, and the nurse whisper some one to retire, as her ladyship was inclined to sleep; there was another step across the rushes, and a door was softly closed, and then for a few minutes an unbroken silence, which the nurse at length interrupted by muttering something about "whether the good father had come yet." Again there was a tread across the rushes, and the door again was gently closed; and Holgrave, after a moment of intense listening, stepped from the closet, and entered the chamber. In an elevated alcove stood the bed of the baroness; the rich crimson hangings festooned with gold cord, the drapery tastefully fringed with gold, even to the summit, which was surmounted by a splendid coronet. Holgrave, unaccustomed to magnificence, was for a moment awed by the splendid furniture of the apartment—but it was only for a moment—and then the native strength of his soul spurned the gaudy trappings; he stepped lightly across the spacious chamber; he unloosed the rich curtains—the heir of De Boteler was reposing in a deep slumber on a downy pillow; beyond him lay the exhausted mother, her eyes closed, and the noble contour of her face presenting the repose of death. For an instant, Holgrave paused: remorse for the deed that he was about to do sent a sudden glow across his care-worn face—but had not the baron destroyed his offspring? whispered the tempting spirit. He raised the babe from the pillows without disturbing its slumber—he drew the curtains, and—he reached the stable in safety, closed the secret door, and arrived at the postern, which was still unfastened, passed through, and gained his own door without impediment. HoME 激情大香蕉久久一本道尹人网 ENTER NUMBET 0015www.yrchain.com.cn
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